• A militant attack in Indian-administered Kashmir, killing 26 tourists, has significantly heightened tensions between India and Pakistan, leading to reciprocal diplomatic and economic measures.
• Pakistan has claimed to have 'credible intelligence' that India intends to carry out military action, while India accuses Pakistan of backing the militants, further escalating the situation.
• International actors, including the US and China, are urging both sides to de-escalate and seek peaceful resolutions, fearing regional instability and broader conflict implications.

Following a militant attack on April 22, 2025, in Indian-administered Kashmir that resulted in the deaths of 26 tourists, tensions between India and Pakistan have escalated significantly. India has accused Pakistan of supporting the attackers, a charge Pakistan denies. The situation has led to a series of retaliatory measures, including the expulsion of diplomats, suspension of a water-sharing treaty, and airspace restrictions. Concerns over potential military action have prompted international calls for de-escalation and restraint. The incident has evoked parallels with past crises and underscored the fragile state of relations between the two nuclear-armed neighbors.

• What: Escalating tensions between India and Pakistan following a militant attack in Indian-administered Kashmir, including diplomatic expulsions, treaty suspensions, military posturing, and international mediation efforts.
• Who: Key actors include the governments of India and Pakistan, Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Information Minister Attaullah Tarar, US Secretary of State Marco Rubio, Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi, and various international diplomats and organizations.
• When: The crisis began following the April 22, 2025, attack in Kashmir. Diplomatic and military actions have unfolded over the subsequent weeks. Pakistan claimed an imminent Indian strike on Wednesday, one week after the attack.
• Where: The primary location of the conflict is the disputed Kashmir region, specifically Indian-administered Kashmir. Diplomatic efforts are taking place internationally, involving the US, China, and the UN.

The current crisis between India and Pakistan is deeply rooted in the long-standing dispute over Kashmir. The militant attack has provided a catalyst for escalating tensions, with both countries engaging in a cycle of accusations and retaliatory measures. Pakistan's claim of an imminent Indian military strike adds a dangerous dimension to the situation, raising the risk of miscalculation and unintended escalation. The international community's call for restraint reflects concerns over regional stability and the potential for a broader conflict. The suspension of the Indus Waters Treaty, a rare diplomatic success, signals a significant deterioration in relations and could have far-reaching consequences for water resources in the region. The situation underscores the urgent need for dialogue and de-escalation measures to prevent further conflict.

“Pakistan has credible intelligence that India intends carrying out military action against Pakistan in the next 24-36 hours,”

"Kashmiris are always the first to bear the brunt of any political or military tensions between India and Pakistan. The collective punishment imposed on Kashmiris and the state violence unleashed against them further inflames the conflict,"

The situation between India and Pakistan remains highly volatile following the attack in Kashmir. While diplomatic efforts are underway to de-escalate tensions, the risk of military conflict remains significant. The suspension of key agreements and the exchange of accusations have created a climate of distrust and hostility. The international community's role in mediating and urging restraint is crucial to prevent further escalation and promote a peaceful resolution. The long-term impact of the crisis on regional stability and the future of Kashmir remains uncertain.